Seven ways to reduce middle schoolers’ stress —and improve their ability to learn

Life can feel overwhelming to the middle schooler who is navigating longer periods of focused attention on academics, working to balance extracurricular activities with homework, and beginning to chart a course toward adulthood and self-reliance—all while a large volume of highly stimulating, provocative information streams in at high speeds, 通过无数的设备, at every moment of the day. To empathize with the challenges that your child faces at this stage in their development, it is important for you to learn more about the middle-school brain.

Wired to seek out novel experiences that often involve risk, activity in the adolescent brain is triggered by components of a highly sensitive emotion center called the limbic system. The brain is working overtime with both an overstimulated emotional center and an underdeveloped decision-making center that resides in the prefrontal cortex. Big emotions coupled with a reduced ability to make appropriate decisions—every middle-school parent knows the outcome. While middle schoolers cannot control their biology, there are tools that parents can use to help their children thrive during the wild ride of adolescence.

Dr. 丹·西格尔, a clinical professor of psychiatry at the UCLA School of Medicine and executive director of the Mindsight Institute, created the “Seven Essential Mental Activities” model to guide parents who want to structure their children’s lives to maintain a healthy middle-school brain. 按重要性排序:

睡眠 – sleeping 9–12 hours provides the adolescent brain with the rest it needs to consolidate learning and recover 从 the experiences of the day. (Turn screens off two hours before bed! The blue light emitted 从 screens mimics sunlight and blocks the release of melatonin and adenosine—chemicals that our brains release to prepare our bodies for sleep.)

焦点 – closely focusing on tasks in a goal-oriented way helps make deep connections in the brain.

连接 – we need to connect with other people to learn—in person, ideally. These human-to-human interactions activate the brain’s rich social circuitry, which aids in learning.

停机时间- - - - - - 通过放松, 被non-focused, and letting our minds simply wander without any specific goal, we help our brains recharge.

玩, being spontaneous and creative—and playfully enjoying novel experiences—help to make new connections in the brain.

身体- - - aerobic exercise strengthens the brain by boosting the function of neurons and improves blood flow to brain cells.

时间在(反思)- when we quietly reflect—focusing on sensations, 图片, 感情, and thoughts—we help the brain to both better integrate and process inputs.

When middle schoolers feel that their parents and teachers understand them and “have their backs,” they are more responsive and accepting of the guidelines and structures that are in place to enrich their lives (as opposed to feeling that they are being restricted by rules). When they are offered the “why,” they are more apt to respond positively and embrace the “how/what” of the process.

Waynflete middle schoolers are offered many opportunities to learn about their amazing brains, 练习自我照顾, and to practice making appropriate decisions in a safe and supportive environment. 在最近的一次集会上, 例如, students learned how singing and dancing as a community has been scientifically proven to repair cells and enhance productivity. Weekly seminar classes remind students about what their brains need to learn. These classes encourage them to practice positive habits to create new neural pathways that increase the size of their mental toolbox and enhance their life experiences for years to come.

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资源

Dr. 丹尼尔·西格尔的 很多书—“Brainstorm” and “The Whole-Brain Child” in particular—are valuable sources of practical tips and information regarding adolescent development.

读一篇有用的文章 从 今日心理学.

“The Teenage Brain: A Neuroscientist’s Survival Guide to Raising Adolescents and Young Adults，博士. 弗朗西丝·詹森

看博士. 西格尔的 视频片段 on all things adolescent and teenage brain-related.